THE UNIQUE ARTS BUGIS TRIBE INDONESIA

Now we will talk about the uniqueness of tribal life Bugis in Sulawesi. Precisely tribe is in Makassar, South Sulawesi.  Beginning Bugis is a tribe belonging to the Deutero Malay tribes. Go to the archipelago after the first wave of migration from mainland Asia precisely Yunan.  The word "Bugis" comes from the word To Ugi, which means the Bugis. Naming "ugi" refers to the first king of the Chinese empire is on Pammana, Wajo today, namely La Sattumpugi.

When the people of La Sattumpugi call themselves, they refer to their king. They called themselves as To Ugi or people or followers of La Sattumpugi. He is the father of Sattumpugi We Cudai and brothers with Batara Lattu, father of Sawerigading. Sawerigading itself was the husband of We Cudai and bore several children including La Galigo.

These figures are described in the Sure 'Galigo the initial formation Bugis civilization in general. While in the Lontara 'it contains noble family lineage and their descendants, and wise counsels to guide people bugis in this life. Its contents are more likely on the set of social norms messages, how to relate to others well apply to the local community as well as when the Bugis go wander abroad.

History of the Bugis people are very long, in the texts of literary history as La Galigo and Lontara 'beginnings of civilization is told both Bugis people, future kingdoms, culture and spirituality, culture, and genealogy of the noble families. This suggests that the culture and customs of this should always be maintained as a form of inheritance from a common ancestor Bugis people are certainly full of positive values​​.

But this time also found a lot of value shifts that occur both in understanding and implementing the concept and principles of ade '(indigenous) and the culture of the real Bugis society. Culture siri 'that should be adhered to and enforced in positive values​​, has now faded. In human life Bugis-Makassar, siri 'is a principal element in them. No one was the most precious value to be defended and preserved in the earth than siri '.

For Human Bugis-Makassar, siri 'is their soul, their pride, and their dignity. Therefore, to uphold and defend siri 'which is considered polluted or contaminated by others, the Bugis-Makassar people are willing to sacrifice anything, including the most precious soul for the sake of siri' in their lives. Because of the Bugis community scattered fertile plains and coast, then most of the Bugis community living as farmers and fishermen. Livelihood of interest is the Bugis traders.

The unique arts Bugis tribe Indonesia is Expertise in Bugis sail the ocean is quite well known, and their overseas territories also to Malaysia, the Philippines, Brunei, Thailand, Australia, Madagascar and South Africa. In fact, on the outskirts of Cape Town, South Africa there is a suburb called Maccassar, as a sign of local residents remember their ancestral lands. The conflict between the monarchy and the Bugis Makassar and Bugis royal neighbor conflicts in the 16th century, 17, 18 and 19, cause not calm South Sulawesi. 

This causes many people to migrate Bugis especially in coastal areas. Furthermore culture is also driven by the desire to wander independence. Happiness in Bugis tradition can only be achieved through freedom.

Arts and culture Bugis tribe.

One area that is inhabited by Bugis district Rappang Sidenreng. District Sidenreng Rappang abbreviated as Sidrap is one district in the province of South Sulawesi, Indonesia. The capital of the district is located in Pangkajene Sidenreng. The district has an area of ​​2506.19 km2 and a population of approximately 264,955 inhabitants. Native of this area is the Bugis who obediently serve and uphold the tradition of mutual respect and mutual help. Everywhere can easily be found building a large mosque and permanent. But there are still areas where there is a belief that an idol called 'Tau Lautang' which means' Southern People.

These people worshiped idols in a day in a cave or a mountain or a sacred tree. However, in the KTP (identity cards) their religion is Hinduism listed. They claim to pray 5 times, fasting, and tithing. Despite the fact that they still adhered to animism in their area. Today, these beliefs and many live in areas Amparita, one of the districts in Sidrap.

In Sidrap Prominent scholars have lived a fairly famous Bugis during Addatuang Sidenreng and Addatuang Rappang (Addatuang = sort of district administration in the past) called Grandma Mallomo '. He's not from the royal family, but the cleverness in the governance and administration of state law made ​​his name famous enough. A legal order that is still enshrined in Sidenreng namely: Naiya Ade'e De'nakkeambo, de'to nakkeana. (Translation: it does not know the real ADAT Father and Son do not know). Grandma's words of wisdom were issued Mallomo 'ethnic Bugis is a highly value self-esteem and dignity. This tribe is very avoid actions that lead to lower self-esteem or dignity of a person. If a family member act that shames the family, then he will be expelled or killed. 

However, this tradition has faded in this day and age. No more families who can kill members of her family simply because they do not want to bear the shame and certainly illegal. While shame is still revered by the indigenous people mostly Bugis.

Dance Art of Unique Bugis Tribe Indonesia

• Dance rainbow; dance pabbakkanna lajina or called asking for rain dance.

• Dance Paduppa Bosara; dances that portray the Bugis people if arrivals bosara always serve as a sign of gratitude to god and honor

• Dance Pattennung; dance tradition depicting women weaving thread into cloth. Symbolizes patience and perseveranceBugis women.

• Dance pajoge 'and Children's Dance Masari; dance is performed by calabai (transvestites), but the type of dance is hard to find even considered extinct.

• Another type of dance is dance Pangayo, dance Passassa, Pa'galung dance, and dance Pabbatte (usually at his Harvest Party).

THE UNIQUE ARTS ORANG UTAN KALIMANTAN INDONESIA

Kalimantan island or we can usually call Borneo Island is Habitat of Orangutan. Orangutans in Borneo also called Pongo pygmaeus. Orangutans are only graet ape or bid monkey in Asia and can be found only on the Islad of Borneo and Sumatera. Borneo Island is famous for its forest. Borneo forest green at the heart of this world. Jungle rains forest is habitat Orangutans.

They used to live in dense trees and make a nest of leaves. In Borneo Orangutan can be found at an altitude of 500 m above sealevel. Although Orangutans including omnivorous animals. Most of them only takegrow herbs. 90 % of the food in the farm of fruits. The food include tree bark, leaves flowers, some insects and about 300 types of fruits. Orangutans females usuualy give birth at the age of 7 – 10 years old with contents raging from 8.5 to 9 months, almost the same as humans.

Number of babies born to a female is only one. Baby Orangutans can live independently at the age of 6-7 years. Dependence on its mother Orangutan is the longest all of animals, as there are many things to be learned in order to survive, they are usually  kept until  the age of 6 years. Orangutans breed  longer than other primates. The orangutan females only give birth to a call every 7-8 years . Age of Orangutan in the wild about 45 years and thourghout their live, Orangutan female only have 3 offspring in her lives, where it means orangutan reproduction is very slow.

Number of babies born to a female is only one. Baby Orangutans can live independently at the age of 6-7 years. Dependence on its mother Orangutan is the longest all of animals, as there are many things to be learned in order to survive, they are usually  kept until  the age of 6 years. Orangutans breed  longer than other primates. The orangutan females only give birth to a call every 7-8 years . Age of Orangutan in the wild about 45 years and thourghout their live, Orangutan female only have 3 offspring in her lives, where it means orangutan reproduction is very slow.

In Indonesia orangutans are currently threatened by deforestation bush meat and poachers for the illegal pettrade. WWF estimates that between 250 and 1,000 wild orangutans are captured and sold on the black maret each year With total population of less than 30,000 individuals and slow reproductive rate ( female orangutan rarely production more than 3 pups during her lifetime ), this loss is having a significant impact on the population and genetic diversity of the species, some scientists fear that declining population could reduce the genetic viability of the species and lead to extinction.

Logging and burning of forest each year accur in Kalimantan Borneo’s forestland is a source of heart and breath greening the world..truned into agricultural land and other business interest and and many people are hunting Orangutan to be traded so it needs more attention to animalslike Orangutan who incidentally live in the habitat. The rapid develovment of the technology  today can be used as a means in order to conserve the animals that live in the rainforests of Indonesia to be enjoyed by future generations. In connection with the above discussion, it’s been many efforts of foreign countries in order handling Orangytan living in the rainforest of Indonesia. One is build a breeding place devoted to the Orangutan. 

Efforts were made to save the forest from extinction also has a lot to do whether it be from no governmental organizations as well as from local governmet. One of the captive people  of forest in central Kalimantan is at Nyaru Menteng. Place penakaran is approximately 30 Km from the city of Palangkaraya in place in addition to local residents also many foreigner involved to help preserve the forest from extinction. The place is a prorected forest that guarded its authenticity so that people can live and grow forest as good as the original habitat, put in place facilitiesto care if there are people who are sick forest or if someone had entered the forest was also prepared where quarantine.

After it was released into the wild but still in control as citizens we need to. Kal-Teng proud of it because one time did not rule out the forest will be gone and only name. It is our collective duty to participate in conservation. How can by keeping the forest arroun us, the forest re-planting, maintaining of fires that occur each year during the dry season

THE UNIQUE ARTS INDONESIA OF ASMAT TRIBE

The Unique arts habit of Asmat tribe maybe some people have already know. Based on the collected historical, Asmat in antiquity is full of many inter-clan warfare or between villages. In general, the cause of the dispute is between the other of adultery, boundary violations sago, sago worms theft, or just asking for trouble because of misunderstanding or offense.

Who does not know the Asmat tribe, who inhabit one area in Papua. Hearing the name of the Asmat tribe, maybe some of us will immediately think about headhunting aka head hunting and cannibalism. It is indeed time to color the daily life of the Asmat, as recorded in the history of the Asmat tribe itself. Before there is so many intern conflict in Asmat tribe. 

Conflict between two people usually rise to conflict between families, then inter-clan, and eventually involves the entire village. Such conflict has resulted in the Asmat divided into several clans and the shrinking of the villagers in the Asmat region. As a continuation of the war is the kayau-headhunting and cannibalism.

Beginning of the head-hunting and cannibalism in the Asmat region comes from the myth that living in the community about the Asmat own brothers and Biwiripits Desoipits. Desoipits urged his brother, Biwiripits to cut off his head. Biwiripits Initially reluctant, but because it kept pressed, he was beheaded Desoipits. But there is a strange and totally unexpected, Desoipits the severed head alive and talking menuyuruh sister to separate the parts of the body, to be distributed as food to the returning war heroes.

Since then, came the custom of eating meat and Human. Scull behead any man be respected and kept, especially a well-loved man's skull. Skull brother or closest relatives always used as pillows or necklace, while the enemy's skull on display to show the greatness and invincibility or too repellent reinforcements. However, beyond the stories of cannibalism, there is indeed something we should be proud of the Asmat tribe, namely the objects masterpieces produced by the Asmat people. 

Variety of Asmat art a lot is sculpture or carving. While the art objects interesting results Asmat carvings are shields, bis poles (bis sculpture / ancestors), and drums. Assorted colors Asmat art style based on the shape and color can be classified into several types.

Asmat tribe nevertheless has a unique history and cultural arts.Asmat in Papua has been known to the world with the skills carve since the 1700s. Asmat art is carved in the form of belief in ancestral spirits. According to tradition, the Asmat ancestor symbolized in the form of sculptures and carvings.

Culture in the Asmat carve birth of a religious ceremony. In some areas, requires the customary ceremony beheading and cannibalism to appease ancestral spirits.

In order not to have to do that but still honor the ancestors, they make sculptures that resemble the ancestral spirits. According to ancestral beliefs manifest themselves in dreams. The apparition in a dream is embodied a tradition of wood carving and sculpting.

At first, the sculptures are made rough and after being used in certain religious ceremonies and then abandoned in a swamp. This is a manifestation of the spirit who lives to preserve the forest and sago palms are the main food source of the Asmat people of Papua. To maintain the value of arts and culture from extinction, will always be the preservation and promotion of tribal art asmat. In order to promote the uniqueness, Papua Asmat Cultural Festival was held as an annual event every October. Not only that, the Asmat Cultural Festival as well as maintaining the site Asmat culture (culture heritage) and introduced Asmat district as a tourist destination that can be visited by domestic and foreign tourists.

A series of activities will color the Asmat Cultural Festival, among other arts and cultural performances, dance competitions, art sculpture race, and race . Not to forget, the auction also carving typical dance as an attraction that is ready to suck number of tourists visit. Hopefully, Asmat Cultural Festival organization increase the number of domestic tourists and foreign tourists to Indonesia, especially in Papua Province.